America and Democracy, at home and abroad, during and just after the First World War

Mercer University Example Graduate School Admission Essay

Mercer University Example Graduate School Admission Essay Free Online Research Papers Mercer University Example Graduate School Admission Essay Until a couple years ago, I didn’t know if I would ever be a college graduate. I made many mistakes at IU around 1994-95 that I thought cost me a degree and a bright future. The motivation to succeed in college really wasn’t there from the get-go. I was young and probably not ready to leave for a new home 300 miles away. I did â€Å"ok† in the beginning, but then it all fell apart. Those pre-approved credit cards kept coming in the mail; I kept accepting them. Eventually, I had about $20,000 in credit card debt alone, plus student loans. I bought things I had no reason buying, things that kept me away from studying, such as a big stereo, television, and computer. I was real lazy when it came to schoolwork. I felt the television set was much more interesting, or was it the girl next door, or was there a soccer game to play? Eventually IU dismissed me, and since I already had a part-time job at IU, I just changed to full-time. I continued to be unmotivated as far as finishing school is concerned. I didn’t love the job, but I didn’t hate it, either. At the end of 97, I started working full-time with benefits at the IU Library. In 4 1/2 years, I received 2 promotions, so life was good there. My girlfriend (future wife) was going to grad school, so I needed to keep the job to support us and for insurance. The major turning point in my life was definitely marrying Heather. I met her at IU in 1994 when she came in my dorm room looking for a screwdriver (for her TV). Ever since then we stayed very good friends and in 2001, we got married. She has turned myself around 180 degrees and has shown me the potential I have to succeed and be happy in life. She received her undergraduate degree in psychology, so unfortunately (or fortunately), she knows me inside and out and she knows how to motivate me. She received a Master of Library Science degree and obtained a job in Sarasota in late 2001. I stayed in Tallahassee because of my job and we agreed that I would move down when I found a job down there. In March of 2002, I was hired at St. Petersburg College doing pretty much what I did at IU, but with a pay cut. I took the job anyway; we were unhappy being so far apart from each other. Shortly after moving, we had a talk about where we wanted to be in 5 years. She had me write down pros and cons of my current working/schooling situation. It turns out there are so many more cons when you write it down and spend hours on it instead of thinking for a few seconds and blowing off the question totally like I used to do when we would have this discussion. Finally all the nagging of Heather, not to mention my parents and even her parents, and the fact that she was going to go back to school for a third degree, got me to do some research and I went and talked to some counselors at work and mapped out a plan to obtain my A.A. It wasn’t as far off as I thought. The college even pays for my classes; how can you beat that? In August of 2002, I started classes at SPC. I went real easy the first semester and only took 2 classes, both online. My grades were decent (AB), so I kept going. Eventually, I was attending school full-time while I was working full-time. It has definitely been a strain on my relationship with my wife, and my body as well, however, I have worked up to the point where I actually have fun going to school. The short term and long term rewards are well worth the extra stress. I can’t wait to take tests and do homework, because it is fun to get those good grades back for doing the work. I am not used to all these good grades in college. I even framed my report card from last summer when I got a 3.92 GPA. I was telling all my friends about it, and Heather’s friends about it, too. Eventually, Heather told me I was getting annoying, so I stopped bragging. My introduction to the pharmacy field came from a childhood friend of Heather’s, Jennifer. Jennifer graduated a few years ago from pharmacy school and told Heather how much she enjoys her job, so Heather told me about it. I did some research for myself to find out what it takes to become a pharmacist and what it is all about. I already have the people skills from my 10 years at IU and 2 at SPC, all in public service, I definitely have the motivation to succeed and science and math are my strong suits. I would love to be a pharmacist because of the interaction with people and the praise you get for helping them (in the traditional pharmacy setting), the salary, the wide availability of jobs all around the country, and job security. It’s nice to know that you can pretty much pack up and move anywhere and someone there is in need of a pharmacist, just like a librarian. It’s also great to know that if we want to start a family sometime, I would be able to suppo rt us both without her having to work. If given the opportunity to continue my studies in pharmacy school, I would certainly not let the university down. After all, I have to answer to my wife, my friends, my family, and biggest of all, myself. The reasons I picked Mercer University to apply to are twofold. First, I was doing some research on the Internet to rank possible pharmacy schools, and I found that Mercer was one of the top schools as far as preparing its students for their careers. I also liked the Indian Health Service Program as described on Mercer’s website. It sounds like a really interesting experience to prepare me for later. The second reason I picked Mercer to apply to was its location. I currently live in the Tampa area with my wife and Atlanta isn’t too far away as far as visiting each other is concerned. Since it is a hub for Delta, it wouldn’t cost that much time or money to fly back and forth occasionally. I have always wanted to live in Atlanta, as well. My love for the Braves goes back to the days of Dale Murphy and I am also a big fan of The Varsity eatery. I’m sure it would be difficult for my wife and I if I were to move there, but the rewards afterwards are so great that I know we would get through it. Research Papers on Mercer University Example Graduate School Admission EssayTrailblazing by Eric AndersonBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XHip-Hop is ArtEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenLifes What IfsPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyTwilight of the UAWThe Spring and AutumnBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfUnreasonable Searches and Seizures

Mini Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mini - Case Study Example This in turn has driven Panera to be a leading firm in restaurant industry and grown in sales and profit pies (as evidenced in figure 1 and 2) Panera has undertaken quite a number of strategies that have spurred it to stay ahead of its competitors. First, it has pursued customer excellence strategies manifested in areas such quality customer service rooted in all its systems and procedures. For instance, the order accuracy, time of delivery and ambience of service have improved the rate of satisfaction. This has boosted the loyalty and brand name of the firm.(comerford and Collaghan,p.14). Second, it has pursued both product and market development strategies. These have been evidenced in diversifying in more regions in order to bring products and services closer to their customers. Sales have increased through the adoption of innovative programs such as improving product features to suit and satisfy quite a variety of customers with various tastes and preferences.(Porter, 13) The firm has also undertaken proper financial management strategies that have ensured no debt. Its liquidity has trended upwards than any of its competitors. It is most efficient evidenced in asset that has translated into more profit. It has a narrower operating margin. The firm can also improve its value by pursuing the following strategic options (Collaghan and comerford,) Diversify into more strategic units so that a wide customer base. The improvement of service will create a better relationship with the community thus improving the profit margin pies of the firm in the end. Increase the budget in social marketing strategies with an aim of making a wider customer community. Today’s customer like sophisticated technologies such as facebook, twitter and yelp. This will involve a substantial financial investment. 1) The economic environment remains the same for seven-year period. For instance, that there will be no

Attributes of a Culture Formed by the ISIS Assignment

Attributes of a Culture Formed by the ISIS - Assignment Example The religious seminars have been enforced for pharmacists that they have to pay their presence for the importance to being allowed to carry on operating their businesses. In various parts of Iraq, the ISIS has imposed taxes on local people business should pay taxes. Cars entering into the state have to pay tax. Other religions have to pay tax, for instance, the Christians. The ISIS has also imposed sweeping restrictions on personal freedom implying that women must wear the niqab, or face unspecified punishments. Every person under the control of ISIS should always carry a ‘repentance card, which is a paper testifying that a person has ‘repented’ from his or her heretical past. Status of women under ISIS In ISIS, the group has released a manifesto that illustrates the role of women in the jihadist group which say that it is ‘legitimate' for girls to get married to fighters whoa re at nine years and emphasizing their role as wives, homemakers or even mothers. T he ISIS believes that women should be kept at home unless an emergency occurs that requires them to get out of the home. When they leave their homes, they should wear the niqab. Under ISIS, Arab women are encouraged to go to ISIS Islamic countries such as the Iraq and Syrian, where they are asked to live the ‘sedentary’ lifestyle that is guided by the responsibilities in the home, which is considered to be their ‘divinely appointed right’ in line with Shariah as well as the life’s methodology that God ordained it.

Rape cases in higher learning institutions Research Paper

Rape cases in higher learning institutions - Research Paper Example The argument about false rape claims discusses various condition categories of false rape perpetrators which include attention seeking persons, vengeance people, psychological distressed people as well as those driven by greed for power and or money (Charen, 2014). Some faulty victims may attempt to report a false rape out of curiosity. They may be interested in knowing what will happen to people around them. Distraction is another cause for one to present a false rape allegation. They may want to distract the police, family, or even friend from a particular occurrence (Charen, 2014). False rape cases in colleges and universities are mainly affiliated with attention seeking. A victim may falsely claim rape in order to seek attention from the individuals he or she is interested in. For instance, a woman may falsely accuse her boyfriend of rape in order to get his attention. For example, it is noticeable that women do lie about rape. â€Å"Jackie's story has 'discrepancies' does not necessarily mean she was maliciously lying; and it certainly does not mean that other women who report sexual assault were probably lying† (Jaschik, 2014, p. 3).Students also may report the false rape to seek their parent’s attention. Parents may neglect their children while in colleges and universities. This may affect the child psychologically leading him or her to report false rape. Jaschik says, â€Å"It’s very common for victims of trauma not to know every single detail.†Revenge is also another cause that leads victims to report false rape.

Factors of Transportation Barriers

Factors of Transportation Barriers Dont you hate the feeling of not being able to travel to where you want, when you want? You may not want to ask people for rides because you may not have the amount of money to pay someone to take you, certainly when you need to go to a medical facility. Situations like this need special attention when it comes to your health. No matter how you feel, you always need to make your doctors appointments because you never know what might be going on in your body. Transportation is a major barrier to health care access to patients. Transportation shouldnt prevent anyone from getting to or from their doctor appointment. In a world where having transportation is a major key to society to where it can affect peoples lifestyle. Finding transportation can affect citizens regardless of the type of living situation there in, but the main concern is for low-income families. General research on transportation has been evaluated and it has come down to a lot of facts and statistics. Most of the info rmation agrees that there is a problem with transportation among peoples living arrangements, but especially with low income families. However, there are different reasons to why there is a problem with transportation such as location of where the people live, the distance to where they live to get to their doctor appointment, and the cost ranging between medical fees depending on how sick the patient. Even then if there are buses, the older people may not be able to ride or even the cost to afford the trip to the doctor can vary depending on how far your doctor is. There is a problem for people who live in rural areas; not for them in particular but also for older and poor people find transportation to their medical physicians. Many families that take home a low-income, their living conditions arent the finest. They seem to struggle to locate transportation that is reliable for them. The effect of this causes them to miss their appointments when the doctor is available to see them. Gillian White stated that low-salary communities are hit especially because of the poor quality of their transit hear their area (Cronk, 2015, p.3). Even if the patient lives in an area where subways and buses are located, people never know what might happen. The subway could be a long way from where you stay and also buses are so unreliable. What if your health is in chronic condition? People who are very sick may not be able to get on the subway nor a bus. Research by Cronk (2015) identified research by a survey defining the percent of the poverty level in Ohio by the journal Health Social Care in the Community (p.3). In 2001, this survey of 413 participants are living at or beneath the 125 percent of the poverty level located in Cleveland, Ohio. Also, researchers discovered that one-third of the participants said it was head and very hard to find reliable transit to their health care providers (p.3). This means that patients that are involved in this situation will have a difficult time connecting with their doctor will have to wait until a tragic emergency just to be able to be seen by a medical physical or a person of that nature. Distance1 Transportation barriers such as distance can cause people to not be able to go to their doctors appointments. Depending on how far their medical physician is, finding transportation will be very difficult. Studies show that having a vehicle gives the patient positive access to their health care. Having a vehicle means owning a car or having access to one by a friend or a family member. Arcury et al. researched transportation and the relationship it has with the health care stating that in the rural Appalachians, 1,059 people had prior knowledge of someone that they knew who had provided rides on a regular basis to people that they knew (Syed, 2013, p. 2). Also Guidry et al. researched a survey in which the outcome of 593 cancer patients from Texas, only 38% of whites, 55% of African Americans, and 60% of Hispanics are identified of having poor access to a vehicle as a barrier that could result in missing a cancer treatment (Syed, 2013, p. 2-3). Things like this could lead a very chro nic ill person to a horrible death, only because he or she miss their doctor appointment. Shockingly, a study researched by Lamont et al. discovered that the distance to a health care provider was related with the advancements of the health care system (Syed, 2013, p.3-4). Studies also researched that the combinations between distances to medical use. It reported that longer driving distances from the doctor office is actually associated with less medication thats given to the patient. Additional studies should be researched when it comes to low-income elderly in which they understand the important of transportation to access the health care provider. Cost Not being able to find a ride to the doctor will cost you a huge amount of money when you get critical sick. Money is more than something that you can use to make purchases; its actually a way of living. Without being able to afford a way to get to your primary physician, will cause issues in the long run. Some people cant even afford a taxis or an Uber. Cronk (2016) stated where a patient couldnt afford their medications and the effect of that caused him to be admitted to the hospital and get two of his toes removed. All of that couldve been avoided if he had the money to afford a ride to the doctors before the sickness took over his body (p.1). The issue that it seen with this situation is that patients are not able to find a ride that is affordable for them. When this happens, they end up with enormous health care bills that come from the hospital and insurances, if they even have any. Researches by Cronk (2016) stated that because of patients missing their schedule appointments l ead to the health care spending an extra $150 billion yearly (p.2). One researcher Tierney et al. stated that between 42,722 patients, a research conducted on the topic of transportation in the health care field, found that the cost to afford Medicaid is increasing, so now patients cannot purchase their medications (Syed, 2013, p.5). When the patients hear this information, they dont know what to do. If they cant afford the insurance that they have, then they wont be able to afford just a regular doctor appointment nor the patients medication. Results As a result, researchers have found ways to prevent these types of transportation barriers. One possible way is to provide a non-emergency medical transportation. They are used to help people with low-income be able to get to and from their doctors. But there is a catch to them. Cronk (2016) stated that that system is no good. Some of their transit vehicle arent equipped with GPSs nor a dispatch radio (p. 2). Whats the point of having a way to get there, and they cant even provide upgraded technology to make sure you get to the right place and on time? But we cant let this one issue ruin it for everyone. An option could be to come together with other partnerships that would be a good fit so that everyone can work together to make sure everyone gets there without having any barriers. A study by Syed (2016) states that the two studies looked into United States Veterans and saw that they could receive federal support when it comes to barriers when trying to get to their doctors (p.5). R esearched by Inman (2016) shows that there are many low cost ways to get transportation: Lynx is only one dollar for standard bus routes (p.4). So there are options available to the patients. Using these options will prove that there is a way around transportation barriers. It just takes time for someone to research these resources for the elderly patients and low income families. Conclusion Conclusively, transit barriers all comes down to more emergency rooms appearances and the care that is available. Since the majority of transportation barriers affect people who are low incomed and elderly, help should be offered. No matter about the location, cost and distance, there should be free, no cost, transportation for these patients in their neighborhood. For elderly people, there is more of a transportation issue because of the fact that they are older and more prone to have a sickness due to their age. But before there can be a definite answer, we can only assume because there needs to be additional research before a truthful conclusion is made. Syed (2016) states that there could be a possible solution if health care workers, patients, and people around neighboring cities come together to create a plan to have less transportation barriers. Creating a collaboration like this would make a total different in the society that we live in today (pg.6). But at the end of the da y, transportation barriers are a topic that needs strong attention to make changes for people who are struggling. People arent getting any younger, just older. This needs to be handle as soon as possible to make a change in the world we live in today. References Cronk, Imran. The Transportation Barrier. The Atlantic (2015): 1-6. Web. 22 Sept. 2016. Cronk, I. (2016, September 2). Transportation shouldnt be a barrier to health care. October 20, 2016, from https://www.statnews.com/2016/09/02/transportation-barrier-health-care/ Inman, J. (2015, July 20). Lack of transportation has serious consequences for older adults. Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved October 10, 2016. Syed, S. T., Gerber, B. S., Sharp, L. K. (2013). Traveling Towards Disease: Transportation Barriers to Health Care Access. Journal of Community Health, 38(5), 976-993. http://doi.org/10. 1007/s 10900-013-9681-1 Tables Table 1 [Table Title] Column Head Column Head Column Head Column Head Column Head Row Head 123 123 123 123 Row Head 456 456 456 456 Row Head 789 789 789 789 Row Head 123 123 123 123 Row Head 456 456 456 456 Row Head 789 789 789 789 Note: [Place all tables for your paper in a tables section, following references (and, if applicable, footnotes). Start a new page for each table, include a table number and table title for each, as shown on this page. All explanatory text appears in a table note that follows the table, such as this one. Use the Table/Figure style, available on the Home tab, in the Styles gallery, to get the spacing between table and note. Tables in APA format can use single or 1.5 line spacing. Include a heading for every row and column, even if the content seems obvious. A default table style has been setup for this template that fits APA guidelines. To insert a table, on the Insert tab, click Table.] Figures title: Figure 1. [Include all figures in their own section, following references (and footnotes and tables, if applicable). Include a numbered caption for each figure. Use the Table/Figure style for easy spacing between figure and caption.] For more information about all elements of APA formatting, please consult the APA Style Manual, 6th Edition.

Microsoft Word 2000 :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Microsoft Word 2000 There are several features in Microsoft Word 2000 that makes document making simple. With features like Automatic Spell Checking, that places a red wavy line under the word that is misspelled automatically. Auto Correct, which automatically corrects commonly, made mistakes that are predetermined in Word. Inserting Clip Art adds graphics and/or pictures to make your document look better. These are just a few of the features in Word that makes document making less challenging. The Automatic Spell Checker checks your document while your typing it for possible spelling and grammar errors. If a word you have typed in is misspelled a red wavy line under the word that is misspelled. If there a grammar error there will be a green wavy line under the grammar error. To fix the error simply right click the wavy line and depending on the severity of the error there will be from one to a few choices to correct the error. If the word isn’t misspelled and it still shows up with a red wavy line under it, you can simply right click the line and choose the "add" selection and it will add the word into the Word library. Another feature in the Automatic Spell Checker is the Auto Correct {insert note here} Inserting Clip Art allows you to brighten up your documents with graphics. the clip art files contains photographs, sounds, and video clips that you can insert into your document. Clip Art is located in the Clip Gallery which contains a collection of clips, separated into sub categories such as. Favorites, academics, animals, backgrounds, borders & frames, buildings, business, button & icons, cartoons, communications, dividers & decor, downloaded clips, emotions, entertainment, flags, food & dining, gestures, government, healthcare & medicine, home & family, household, industry, lost & found, maps, metaphors, music, nature, navigation controls, office, people, people at work, photographs, places, plants, religions, science and technology, seasons, shapes, signs, special occasions, sports & leisure, symbols, transportations, travel, weather, web banners, web dividers, and web elements.

How Muslim practises reflect Islamic teaching on the role and status of women Essay

Explain how Muslim practises reflect Islamic teaching on the role and status of women Islamic teaching and theories are such so that they can be applied to modern life. Islam recognizes the fact that men are generally physically stronger than women, but does not place men above women. They are given different skills to do so women are given the duty of providing food for the hungry, refuge for the weary, hospitality for the guest, comfort for the distressed, peace for the troubled, hope for the insecure and encouragement for the weak. They are expected to cook for the family, clean and give love to her husband. This sounds all very one sided, however marriage in Islam is a team effort- the husband has his expectations and requirements to. Islam treats women as equals to men and that their role is as important as men. The rights of a woman are sacred; ensure that women are maintained in the rights assigned to them [Hadith] A Muslim woman has the right to stay a virgin, unmolested by anyone. She has the right to be looked after when in pain. She does not have to fast during Ramadan, because she is going through so much pain, therefore she must be treated with respect. It is a privilege given to women because Islam recognizes the crucial role they play in life. Since they are burdened with the responsibility of upholding the home and bringing up the children, she is not expected to work or earn money. Allah says in Qur’an, surah 2, verse 228, â€Å"and women shall have the rights similar to the rights against them, according to what is equitable† A man came to Prophet Muhammad asking, â€Å"O Messenger of Allah, who among the people is the most worthy of my good companionship?† The Prophet said, â€Å"Your mother†. The man said, â€Å"Then, who is next?† The Prophet said, â€Å"Your mother†. The man said, â€Å"Then, who is next?† The Prophet said, â€Å"Your mother†. The man further asked, â€Å"Then who is next?† Only then did the Prophet say, â€Å"Your father.† This shows the importance that Islam gives to women. Islamic teaching about modesty states that men and women, but especially women, should cover themselves up and present themselves modestly so that men do not stare at them. This is not compulsory however, but most women choose to do it anyway. This shows that women do not feel that they are treated inferior to men and being forced to wear it. Instead of totally covering themselves up completely in some countries, they just dress modestly by covering their heads or wearing a scarf. They never wear anything tight. Modesty and faith are joined closely together; if either of them is lost, the other goes also. Every religion has a special character; the characteristic of Islam is modesty† [Hadith] This is an example of how Islamic teaching about women is applied in every day life. Men also have to dress modestly. Women do not have to go to the mosque, but instead pray at home. This reflects the teaching about women having to bring up the household. Since this is their duty, they are allowed to pray at home. Because women are not seen as objects, but as equals to men they are given a dowry from the husband when they get married. This is to show that the woman is not just an object to fulfil any sexual desires, or work for him, but that she is a human being. A man being allowed to have more than one wife is not just a benefit to the man. The woman chooses whether or not she wants to marry a man with a wife already, or if the man she is marrying is allowed to have more than one wife after her. It is entirely her choice. By allowing her husband to have more than one wife she will benefit by the fact that there will be someone else to help her bring up the children and to bring up the household. The man is allowed to have more than one wife, but the woman decides it in the end. In Islam, the woman can have any job she pleases, since they are equals. If a woman chooses to work, it is entirely her choice but she does not have to. The husband should treat the wife with respect and not take her for granted. He should not think of her a servant and that she must make his dinner. She doesn’t but she probably does because marriage in Islam is give and take. He should consult her when making decisions, because women are just as important and clever as men. So Muslim couples discuss things and work things out together and do not take each other for granted. Women have as much of a right to pray in a mosque as a man, since everyone is equal. â€Å"All people are equal†¦as the teeth of a comb. No Arab can claim merit over a non-Arab, nor a white over a black person, nor a male over a female† [Hadith] What happens is that the men pray at the front, while the women pray at the back behind a sheet or curtain. The reason for the men being at the front is not that men are superior, but to prevent any flirtatious thoughts by the men and help them focus on Allah rather than the opposite sex. There are many rules concerning women, and these have been incorporated into modern life so that they still hold true to the rule.

A Short History of the Rwandan Genocide

A Short History of the Rwandan Genocide On April 6, 1994, Hutus began slaughtering the Tutsis in the African country of Rwanda. As the brutal killings continued, the world stood idly by and just watched the slaughter. Lasting 100 days, the Rwandan Genocide left approximately 800,000 Tutsis and Hutu sympathizers dead. Who Are the Hutu and Tutsi? The Hutu and Tutsi are two peoples who share a common past. When Rwanda was first settled, the people who lived there raised cattle. Soon, the people who owned the most cattle were called Tutsi, and everyone else was called Hutu. At this time, a person could easily change categories through marriage or cattle acquisition. It wasnt until Europeans came to colonize the area that the terms Tutsi and Hutu took on a racial role. The Germans were the first to colonize Rwanda in 1894. They looked at the Rwandan people and thought the Tutsi had more European characteristics, such as lighter skin and a taller build. Thus they put Tutsis in roles of responsibility. When the Germans lost their colonies following World War I, the Belgians took control of Rwanda. In 1933, the Belgians solidified the categories of Tutsi and Hutu by mandating that every person was to have an identity card that labeled them either Tutsi, Hutu, or Twa. (The Twa are a very small group of hunter-gatherers who also live in Rwanda.) Although the Tutsi constituted only about ten percent of Rwandas population and the Hutu nearly 90 percent, the Belgians gave the Tutsi all the leadership positions. This upset the Hutu. When Rwanda struggled for independence from Belgium, the Belgians switched the status of the two groups. Facing a revolution instigated by the Hutu, the Belgians let the Hutus, who constituted the majority of Rwandas population, be in charge of the new government. This upset the Tutsi, and the animosity between the two groups continued for decades. The Event That Sparked the Genocide At 8:30 p.m. on April 6, 1994, President Juvà ©nal Habyarimana of Rwanda was returning from a summit in Tanzania when a surface-to-air missile shot his plane out of the sky over Rwandas capital city of Kigali. All on board were killed in the crash. Since 1973, President Habyarimana, a Hutu, had run a totalitarian regime in Rwanda, which had excluded all Tutsis from participating. That changed on August 3, 1993, when Habyarimana signed the Arusha Accords, which weakened the Hutu hold on Rwanda and allowed Tutsis to participate in the government, which greatly upset Hutu extremists. Although it has never been determined who was truly responsible for the assassination, Hutu extremists profited the most from Habyarimanas death. Within 24 hours after the crash, Hutu extremists had taken over the government, blamed the Tutsis for the assassination, and begun the slaughter. 100 Days of Slaughter The killings began in Rwandas capital city of Kigali. The Interahamwe (those who strike as one), an anti-Tutsi youth organization established by Hutu extremists, set up roadblocks. They checked identification cards and killed all who were Tutsi. Most of the killing was done with machetes, clubs, or knives. Over the next few days and weeks, roadblocks were set up around Rwanda. On April 7, Hutu extremists began purging the government of their political opponents, which meant both Tutsis and Hutu moderates were killed. This included the prime minister. When ten Belgian U.N. peacekeepers tried to protect the prime minister, they too were killed. This caused Belgium to start withdrawing its troops from Rwanda. Over the next several days and weeks, the violence spread. Since the government had the names and addresses of nearly all Tutsis living in Rwanda (remember, each Rwandan had an identity card that labeled them Tutsi, Hutu, or Twa), the killers could go door to door, slaughtering the Tutsis. Men, women, and children were murdered. Since bullets were expensive, most Tutsis were killed by hand weapons, often machetes or clubs. Many were often tortured before being killed. Some of the victims were given the option of paying for a bullet so that theyd have a quicker death. Also during the violence, thousands of Tutsi women were raped. Some were raped and then killed, others were kept as sex slaves for weeks. Some Tutsi women and girls were also tortured before being killed, such as having their breasts cut off or had sharp objects shoved up their vagina. Slaughter Inside Churches, Hospitals, and Schools Thousands of Tutsis tried to escape the slaughter by hiding in churches, hospitals, schools, and government offices. These places, which historically have been places of refuge, were turned into places of mass murder during the Rwandan Genocide. One of the worst massacres of the Rwandan Genocide took place on April 15 to 16, 1994 at the Nyarubuye Roman Catholic Church, located about 60 miles east of Kigali. Here, the mayor of the town, a Hutu, encouraged Tutsis to seek sanctuary inside the church by assuring them they would be safe there. Then the mayor betrayed them to the Hutu extremists. The killing began with grenades and guns but soon changed to machetes and clubs. Killing by hand was tiresome, so the killers took shifts. It took two days to kill the thousands of Tutsi who were inside. Similar massacres took place around Rwanda, with many of the worst ones occurring between April 11 and the beginning of May. Mistreatment of the Corpses To further degrade the Tutsi, Hutu extremists would not allow the Tutsi dead to be buried. Their bodies were left where they were slaughtered, exposed to the elements, eaten by rats and dogs. Many Tutsi bodies were thrown into rivers, lakes, and streams in order to send the Tutsis back to Ethiopia- a reference to the myth that the Tutsi were foreigners and originally came from Ethiopia. Media Played a Huge Role in the Genocide For years, the Kangura newspaper, controlled by Hutu extremists, had been spouting hate. As early as December 1990, the paper published The Ten Commandments for the Hutu. The commandments declared that any Hutu who married a Tutsi was a traitor. Also, any Hutu who did business with a Tutsi was a traitor. The commandments also insisted that all strategic positions and the entire military must be Hutu. To isolate the Tutsis even further, the commandments also told the Hutu to stand by other Hutu and to stop pitying the Tutsi. When RTLM (Radio Tà ©là ©vison des Milles Collines) began broadcasting on July 8, 1993, it also spread hate. However, this time it was packaged to appeal to the masses by offering popular music and broadcasts conducted in a very informal, conversational tone. Once the killings started, RTLM went beyond just espousing hate; they took an active role in the slaughter. The RTLM called for the Tutsi to cut down the tall trees, a code phrase which meant for the Hutu to start killing the Tutsi. During broadcasts, RTLM often used the term inyenzi (cockroach) when referring to Tutsis and then told Hutu to crush the cockroaches. Many RTLM broadcasts announced names of specific individuals who should be killed; RTLM even included information about where to find them, such as home and work addresses or known hangouts. Once these individuals had been killed, RTLM then announced their murders over the radio. The RTLM was used to incite the average Hutu to kill. However, if a Hutu refused to participate in the slaughter, then members of the Interahamwe would give them a choice- either kill or be killed. The World Stood By and Just Watched Following World War II and the Holocaust, the United Nations adopted a resolution on December 9, 1948, which stated that The Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish. The massacres in Rwanda constituted genocide, so why didnt the world step in to stop it? There has been a lot of research on this exact question. Some people have said that since Hutu moderates were killed in the early stages, then some countries believed the conflict to be more of a civil war rather than a genocide. Other research has shown that the world powers realized it was a genocide but that they didnt want to pay for the needed supplies and personnel to stop it. No matter what the reason, the world should have stepped in and stopped the slaughter. The Rwanda Genocide Ends The Rwanda Genocide ended only when the RPF took over the country. The RPF (Rwandan Patriotic Front) was a trained military group consisting of Tutsis who had been exiled in earlier years, many of whom lived in Uganda. The RPF was able to enter Rwanda and slowly take over the country. In mid-July 1994, when the RPF had full control, the genocide was finally stopped. Sources Semujanga, Josias. The Ten Commandments of the Hutu. Origins of the Rwandan Genocide, Humanity Books, 2003, pp. 196-197.

China and Japan Response to the West essays

China and Japan Response to the West essays From the period of 1750-1914, many non Western countries such as China, Japan, Russia, and the Middle East were feeling the pressure from the West to modernize and industrialize. While Japan was quite successful in modernizing and industrializing through the Meiji Restoration, China never fully understood the need to modernize and industrialize which cause it to lag behind Japan, especially economically. One similarity between China and Japans response to western imperialism was that both countries were forced to sign unequal treaties that would allow the West to trade with them. One difference in China and Japans response to Western imperialism was that Japan realized it had to westernize, modernize, and cooperate with the West which Japan reacted to through the Meiji Restoration. However, China did not fully realize the need to westernize and modernize and instead continued to fight with the West instead of cooperating with them and many Chinese reacted in an anti- foreign manner i n the Boxer Rebellion. One difference between China and Japans response to Western industrialization was that China never had an Industrial Revolution and never completed it since they rejected industrialization and they thought their economy was already thriving without it. However, Japan reacted by promoting industrialization and completing its Industrial Revolution. One similarity between China and Japans response to western imperialism was that both countries were forced to sign unequal treaties that would allow the West to trade with them. The Treaty of Nanjing in China and supplement treaties signed between the British and the Chinese were the first of the humiliating unequal treaties. It radically increased the openings for trade in China. The treaties opened five ports called Canton, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Linbou, and Shanghai to conduct foreign trade as treaty ports. Hong Kong was surrendered to the Britis...

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Research Paper Example (Jaswal et.al, 2009) The implications of this finding are quite profound, for it alters the way developmental cognitive science is understood. Neuro-linguists have believed that the first five to seven years of a child’s life are vital to a proper development of the language faculty. And this study by Jaswal, et.al, only goes on to confirm and add new dimension to this thesis. In the experiments conducted by the research team, common objects familiar to children – such as tooth brush, toy car, key, cup, etc – are used in a way to create category confusion in their minds. For example, a pen which resembles a tooth brush, a shoe that resembles a toy car, a spoon that looks like a key, are exposed to children to challenge and contest their prior understanding of an object’s function and label. ... The results further showed that â€Å"Children made appearance-based inferences about the typical and hybrid items on 98% and 100% of trials, respectively. When E2 (experimenter no.2) later asked about the names of those items, children responded by providing labels that matched their appearances on 97% of the trials for the typical items and 100% for the hybrids. For example, children used both the typical key and the key-like object to start the car and later called both ‘‘keys,† and they used the typical spoon to eat cereal from the bowl and called it a ‘‘spoon.† (Jaswal et.al, 2009) This clearly illustrates that hybrid objects are identified as members of pre-existing categories in the mind. Even while hybrid objects carried features from two different categories, children were able to ‘convert’ them into the requisite category – namely the category that the object was designed to resemble the most. The findings of this exp eriment helps psychologists understand how memory gets formed in children. Labeling of objects and cognitive processes that go behind the labeling eventually determine the ability of children to retain and recollect labels. Hence, when children learn something that is counterintuitive, they tend to misremember this information, leading to poor recall. This has ramification for instructional designers and educational psychologists as they try and device effective ways of transferring information in the classroom. This inherent preference for conversion over compliance extends to early moral instruction received from parents and teachers too. That is, when children are taught about simple rules of right

Human Resource Management in Downsizing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Resource Management in Downsizing - Essay Example Despite so many rounds of restructuring, announcing another one has blown off the whole motivation towards work into air. Commitment to organizational objectives is crucial to maintain in such conditions. Commitment refers to attachment and loyalty. It represents the identification of an individual with and involvement in the organization. It consists of the following factors; The behavior towards the organization also needs to be managed. The visibility of acts, the extent to which the outcomes are irrevocable and the degree to which the person undertakes the action voluntarily are important features of behavior. Organizations, such as our bank, are facing increased competition and structural change. They are more conscious to get people to identify themselves more closely with the company. To meet these needs, three ways of representing commitments have been identified that are; affective, continuance and normative. Affective commitment deals with the emotional attachments. Continuance commitment is when employee(s) stays with an organization based on his/her perceived cost of staying i.e. the cost of going in search for a new job might be more. Normative commitment refers to the moral commitment of an employee to the organization. Thought all three might look similar, they have very different impacts on the manner the employee refers himself with respect to the organization. We need to inculcate the affective commitment in the employees of our bank to restore productivity and motivation to work effectively for the success of the company. If we are successful in this, we will have a better workforce with less absenteeism; a workforce that is willing to go beyond what is desired out of their job. They are more eager to assist the organization to achieve its goals and objectives. These types of employees tend to show more motivation and organizational citizenship. With the passage of time, the employees have become a part of the bank. They have developed psychological contracts with the bank. This is like forming a relational link; not based on the monetary and/or economic incentives but on their perceived loyalty and socialization within the bank that they have been continuously feeling and practicing over so many years. Whenever going for downsizing i.e. restructuring the organization, effective communication is always beneficial. Applying a vision oriented approach, while downsizing, complimented with good and effective communication will lower the feeling of being deceived by the management. The strategic management of human resource behaviors will avoid the "Survivors" to have a decreasing level of productivity due to their perceived gap between them and the top management group. Organizational overall future success is highly dependant on these survivors and there attitudes towards the company. These employees think that now they cannot count on a longer/continuous commitment from the bank management. These remaining people are a critical